Lingnan’s “Grey Chronicles Top Scholars” and “Music Masters” all come from Sanshan Village, Shawan Town, Panyu
In Shawan Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, there is an ancient village called “Craftsman Village”. The ancient temple of the ancestors in the village is also the only “Lu Ban Temple” discovered in Guangdong Province.
In the old days, 70% or 80% of the men in Sanshan Village were ancient buildings repair craftsmen, involving many types of ancient building plasterers, gray sculptures, brick carvings, carpenters, murals and other jobs. They traveled along the waterways across the Pearl River Delta and made a living by relying on good skills.
What kind of story does this ancient craftsman have in the village of Komiks? Recently, the reporter came to Sanshan Village for an in-depth interview.
There is an ancient: Sanshan Craftsmen wherever the waterway reaches. Sanshan Village is located at the west gate of Panyu District, separated from Shunde, and there are many farmlands and ponds in the village. It is a typical Lingnan water town in Babaylan. The “three goodnesses” in Sanshan Village refer to “goodness, virtue and blessing”, which embodies the beautiful wishes of the ancestors.
”Before 1949, more than 75% of the males in Sanshan Village were ancient building craftsmen. At that time, women were farming and taking care of children at home, while men took a boat to work on mud and water along the waterway.” Huang Qunqing, 65, is from Zini Village in Shawan and is neighboring Sanshan Village. “Although they are two villages, they are as close as the same village.”
Komiks Huang Qunqing also comes from a family of craftsmen and deals with ancient buildings all his life. “I am familiar with every type of ancient building construction and decoration, civil engineering, decoration, gray plastic, brick carving, and wood carving.” At the age of 15, Huang Qunqing followed his father to travel to the Pearl River Delta, “doing mud and water work”, and participated in the renovation of Baomo Garden and Yuyin Mountain House.
When talking about the wandering life of craftsmen, Li Guangyong, a villager engaged in mural restoration, told reporters: “My father, Li Jieming, is also a muralist. He has been engaged in mural drawing and restoration for more than 40 years, and has traveled all over the Pearl River Delta region, and is rowing. If there is no convenient waterway, there will be no famous craftsmen in Sanshan Village.”
Li Guangyong is creating a gray-plastic work/Li Bo
Li Guangyong told reporters that Sanshan Village is close to the Zi Ni River and Shunde Waterway, and is connected to the main channel of the Pearl River. “Where the river flows to and where the passenger ships arrive, there are craftsmen in Sanshan Village.”
It is understood that the places where the craftsmen in Sanshan Village often go to include Dongguan, Foshan, Taishan and other places. In Li Guangyong’s memory, every year on the fourth and fifth day of the Lunar New Year, craftsmen leave home and return to the construction site. During the mid-year festival, craftsmen who go out may not come back, but on the day of “Master’s Day” (the 13th day of the sixth lunar month every year), they will definitely return from rowing, dress neatly, come to the temple early, say hello to each other, and pay homage to the “ancestor” Lu Ban.
Architectural: The Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-type fire wall
Recently, the reporter visited the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group with ancient construction experts and villagers. The ancient temple complex is located in Fuchun Road, Sanshan Village, Cinema. The building covers an area of 557.7 square meters, with a sturdy and magnificent appearance.
The ancient temple group is backed by the green Aoshan, and in front of the temple is a square and a Fengshui pond. BabaylanThe ancient temple group is lined from north to south: Shennong Ancient Temple, Xianshi Ancient Temple, Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baoen Temple, and Chaoyin Pavilion, so it is called the “Ancient Temple Group”.
Aoshan Ancient Temple Group located in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
Ancient architecture experts said that the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group is one of the few large temple groups in Panyu District. The architectural layout and sculpture art of the temple group have high artistic value. In 2000, it was announced as a historical and cultural protection zone controlled by Guangzhou City; in July 2002, it was incorporated into “Aoshan Ancient Building” and announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Guangzhou City.
Experts said that the uniqueness of the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group lies in the design of the fire wall. Most Lingnan buildings use wok-ear house-style fire walls, but the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses saddle-style fire walls, which is very rare in the entire Guangdong Province.
Herman-shaped volcanic gable wall, gray sculptures are full of ancient ridges. Photo/Li Bo
It is said that except for Fengning Temple in Shiwan Town, Foshan City and Pan Family Ancestral Hall in Shixiang Village, Duyang Town, Yunfu Yuncheng District, it is difficult to find traces of saddle-style firewalls in Guangdong Province.
Craftsmen: The gray sculptures and wood carvings of the Chen Family Ancestral Hall were all from the hands of Sanshan craftsmen
Liang Mou, a researcher in folk culture in Panyu District, introduced that in the Ming Dynasty, many folk craftsmen had gathered in Sanshan Village. “In the Qing Dynasty, the Summer Palace was built, and the imperial court went to various places to select skilled craftsmen. Only after passing the assessment could they participate in the construction of the Summer Palace. At that time, the craftsmen in Sanshan Village were selected to participate. ”
Sanshan Village Chairman Li Zhipei introduced that many famous ancient architecture craftsmen have also appeared in the history of Sanshan Village. The most representative figures are Jin Yaosheng and Lao Cuixi. Jin Yaosheng is the “top scholar of gray batch” in Lingnan, and Lao Cuixi is the “master of murals”. Many of the murals of the Chen Family Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Ance href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Cinema Manager, he also has another identity – the grandchildren of Lao Cuixi.
”My brother Lao Zhuoqian and grandfather Lao Cuixi are both muralists, and many murals in temples and ancestral halls in Nanfanshun area are from them. “On ordinary days, Lao Yaochun always likes to visit the ancient temple group of Aoshan. “When you look up here, you may be able to see the murals of your grandfather and your brother. ”
Speaking of another Lingnan gray sculpture master Jin Yaosheng from Sanshan Village, Lao Yaochun gave a thumbs up. Cinema“The gray sculpture works of Chen Jiaci were made by Master Jin Yaosheng as the foreman. “In Sanshan Village, Jin Yaosheng’s gray sculpture work “Three Heroes of the Wind and Dust” is still placed under the front eaves of the Luban Temple. The style is like the landscape of the southern country, and the textural quality is refreshing.
It is understood that as the Chen family ancestral hall of the 72 counties in the province – the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the entire project gathers famous craftsmen and manufacturers in the province. Among them, the gray sculpture decoration was provided by Jin Yaosheng, the “gray batch top scholar” at that time. It is precisely because of these top skilled craftsmen that the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, which is the perfect ancient architectural masterpiece, which is the success of the architectural art of Lingnan in history.
Village restoration of the Luban Temple and later generations praises the craftsmen
Lu Ban has beenCraftsmen respected as “ancestors” and “fathers of all craftsmen”. The Luban Temple in Sanshan Village is hidden in the Aoshan ancient temple group in the village. The ancient temple group is connected by five ancient temples. The most distinctive of them is the ancient temple of the ancestors, who is dedicated to Luban. The temple is currently the only folk-industry temple dedicated to “Lu Ban” discovered in Guangdong Province. It has a history of more than 300 years. Sanshan Village still retains the traditional celebration of “Master’s Birth”.
Luban Temple in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
The most distinctive among the ancient temple groups is the ancient temple of the ancestor, namely the Luban Temple. The temple was built during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty and has been renovated several times. Expert survey data shows that the ancient temple of the Master is located in the east of Cinema, facing southwest, with three rooms and three entrances, covering an area of 105.74 square meters.
The second and third entrances are hard tops, with herringbone sealed volcanic gable walls, gray plastic and ancient ridges, gray tube tiles, and blue brick walls. As soon as he entered the worship pavilion, he was decorated with many murals. The murals were rich in content, including figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc., and his painting skills were superb. The granite stone door frame of the mountain gate, the stone forehead is engraved with the “Xianshi Ancient Temple” and the wall fence is decorated with the mural of the “Eight Immortals Drunk”.
”In 1993, I took the villagers to rebuild this ancient temple. The statues of Luban were remade with reference to old photos.” Huang Qunqing told reporters that before the rebuilding, some parts were collapsed and were dilapidated. “The best preserved are the murals on the wall and the bricks on the ground. At that time, many murals were painted with white ash, and the workers carefully cleaned them, so that these exquisite murals would regain the sun.”
At the two entrances of the rebuilt ancient temple, the reporter saw two couplets. The couplets at the back gate were “The great craftsman and the high door were all inclusive; the rules and regulations were established to Huai (the word “Huai”) to know the present”; the couplets at the front gate were “The rules were determined by the square and round Yi Shike followed this method, and the ink rope was divided into curves and straight crafts and used the materials well.”
Huang Qunqing told reporters that these two couplets were written by later generations during the renovation, demonstrating the connotation and professional principles of craftsmanship.
Huang Qunqing said that since the restoration of Luban Temple, Sanshan Village will also spontaneously hold a master’s birthday every year (That is, Lu Bandan), if you cannot come back, the craftsmen in Sanshan Village will celebrate at the construction site. “I have a special relationship with this Luban Temple. I will come back every year when my master is born.”
DevelopmentBabaylan: selected as the second batch of national characteristic towns
Sanshan Village Chairman Li Zhipei said that in the past, 70% of the men in the entire village were engaged in the construction industry, but now only a few craftsmen are still sticking to it. “In the past, ancient buildings were constructed with a slow work and meticulous work was done. Sometimes a worker could only build 25 blue bricks and 3 step bricks a day. In the eyes of young people, craftsmen dealing with bricks and mud is a physical job, and they don’t like to do it.” Li Zhipei said.
The famous gray sculptor Liang Mian is from Sanshan Village. His father was originally a Shawan plasterer. He learned art from his father since he was a child and has devoted himself to studying gray sculpture art for more than 50 years. The works created are used in Shawan Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baomo Garden, Nanyue Garden, Qinghui Garden, Xishan Temple, Huanan Temple, Shunfeng Park, etc.
Now, Liang Mian opens a learning studio in Sanshan Village to inherit gray plastic skills. “I have a small gray plastic workbench at home. My grandchildren like it very much. They can learn it as soon as I free myself. I will teach them whenever I am free.”
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian Photo/Li Bo
Komiks The architectural craft has always been passed down in the form of master and apprenticeship. It has never entered the school to become a subject. However, Sanshan Village offers gray plastic courses in primary schools and kindergartens, which are popular with children.
In a small street shop in Sanshan Village, Li Guangyong is creating a gray-plastic work called “Eight Immortals Picture”. “This work was originally prepared to participate in the village’s Luban Festival exhibition this year, but unfortunately I didn’t get it. I missed it. It’s good to miss it, you can calm down and polish it slowly.”
While chatting with reporters, Li Guangyong held a handful of multi-head wood cone and pressed it on the gray-plastic panel, making it easier for the panel to hang clay material. “This year, there is no Komiks<And display, just wait for next year's display. ”
In 2017, Sanshan Village was selected into the second batch of national characteristic towns. Li Zhipei said that Sanshan Village has a history of more than 800 years, and the commemoration of Luban will become the annual festival of the village – “Luban Festival”.
Li Zhipei also proposed to build a Luban cultural square to the north of the ancient temple and build a craftsman museum to collect and exhibit craftsmen’s works across the province to attract more young people to learn. In the future, Sanshan Village will be built into a characteristic town of ancient architecture craftsmen in Lingnan.
Inheritance: Let young craftsmen see career prospects
Cinema Zhu Qiuli said that urban and rural historical and cultural heritage is mainly protected by craftsmen. Now most of them are over 50 years old in this industry, and no successor is a common problem. “The lack of vocational education and the narrow teaching of masters and apprentices has exacerbated the crisis of craftsmen’s inheritance. ”
How to solve the problem of inheritance of craftsmen? Zhu Qiuli believes that to retain craftsmen, we must first have encouragement policies. Old artists must have the right status. With the status, they must also have corresponding cultural heritage allowances and guarantee mechanisms. “The unified architectural craftsmanship, like modern architectural decoration, must have professional title assessment, so that young craftsmen can see their professional prospects. ”
”As the craftsmen grow old, the technology of ancient building construction has also grown old. For example, there are no few good people in the market who can build bamboo trellis. This is also a traditional technique for restoring ancient buildings. Bamboo trellis is lightweight and suitable for repairing one or two floors of ancient buildings, which is more convenient than iron racks. “Ouyang Lun, an ancient building repair expert, told reporters.
A ancient building expert told reporters: “Now the government departments have vigorously promoted the activities of famous craftsmen, the status and treatment of craftsmen have gradually improved. In addition to paying attention to a few famous craftsmen, we should also pay attention to ordinary craftsmen. Only in this way can we not deviate from the essence of protecting ancient buildings and their traditional craftsmanship. ”
The expert believes that the value of craftsmen lies in inheriting traditional techniques and striving for excellence. Craftsmen are the basic guarantee for restoring the original appearance of ancient buildings. They attach importance to craftsmen, which reflects respect for traditional values. Only when craftsmen have successors, these precious ancient building construction techniques and spiritual qualities attached to them will be preserved. (Xiao Guilai)
Source｜Guilai｜Guilai｜Gui’s State DayBabaylanfunnybookish.com/”>BabaylanNews
Editor｜Cui Wencan
Intern Editor｜He Haoxian